Skype for Business is being phased out, so chances are, you’re in the process of migrating your tenant to Microsoft Teams already.
You obtain an audio conferencing add-on, or an E5 license, assign it to the user, it shows up properly on the corresponding admin pages, but it just refuses to show up when you try to organize a Skype for Business / Microsoft Teams meeting in Outlook. No dial-in conferencing phone number, ever.

After hours of struggling on multiple PCs, I’ve found out that the solution is so ridiculous that it’s beyond belief.
Open File / Options, select Add-ins, then at the Manage / Com Add-ins section click Go…:

Uncheck the Microsoft Teams Meeting Add-in for Microsoft Office entry, then click OK:

Now repeat the same in reverse, i.e. enable the Teams add-in. Then guess what:

My god, why, Microsoft, whyyyyy?